Wake-Up Time! Zoo Rouses 500 Caterpillars For Trip To Coast

The threatened Oregon Silver-Spot Butterfly in its native coastal habitat. These butterflies are getting a head start at the Oregon Zoo with a captive rearing program. After the caterpillars pupate they are released back into their environment.

A close-up look at a tiny Oregon Silverspot caterpillar in the Oregon Zoo’s butterfly conservation lab. Photo by Dana May, courtesy of the Oregon Zoo.

Program aims to bolster threatened populations of rare Oregon Silverspot butterfly

It’s Pollinator Week, and at the Oregon Zoo’s butterfly conservation lab, nap time is over for hundreds of the zoo’s tiniest residents.

Zoo conservationists are rousing more than 500 Oregon Silverspot larvae from their winter dormancy this month, transferring the very hungry caterpillars into protective containers, where they are currently munching on fresh leaves following a 7-month snooze.

“We’ve had a 98% survival rate of caterpillars coming out of diapause this year, which is the best we’ve ever seen,” said Travis Koons, who oversees the zoo’s butterfly recovery efforts. “It’s a testament to rigorous protocols and painstaking attention of our care staff.”

Over the coming months, zoo staffers will join biologists from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to release the Silverspots at sites along the Oregon coastal range, helping to stabilize declining populations of this threatened species.

The zoo-reared caterpillars will complete their development in the wild, first turning into Chrysalides and then — over a span of warm, sunny days — emerging as adult butterflies and unfurling their distinctive and colorful wings.

“The Oregon Silverspot is one of our region’s most beautiful, and most imperiled, butterflies,” Koons said. “If it weren’t for this collaborative recovery effort, three of the five remaining populations would likely be extinct today.”

Once common in coastal grasslands from Northern California up into British Columbia, the Oregon Silverspot is listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. Just five isolated populations remain: four in Oregon and one in California.

Release sites for the Silverspots are chosen based on the presence of a rare flower: the early blue violet, which is the main food source for the caterpillars as they mature into adult butterflies. The Oregon coastal range is one of the few remaining areas where early blue violets grow in large enough quantities to sustain a butterfly population.

At the zoo conservation lab, the ever-munching caterpillars are fed early blue violet leaves harvested by inmates at Coffee Creek Correctional Facility as part of a collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Institute for Applied Ecology.

Funding for the zoo’s butterfly conservation lab is provided by the USFWS Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund. Additional support comes from the Oregon Zoo Foundation’s $8.5 million Heart of the Oregon Zoo campaign, which is currently raising funds to support the zoo’s efforts in advancing animal welfare, conservation and education. To learn more or to make a gift, call 503-220-2493 or email foundation@oregonzoo.org.

As part of the Metro family, the Oregon Zoo helps make greater Portland a great place to call home. Committed to conservation, the zoo is also working to save endangered California condors, Taylor’s Checkerspot butterflies, western pond turtles and northern leopard frogs. To learn more about the Oregon Zoo’s effort to save Oregon silverspots and other Northwest species, visit oregonzoo.org/recovery.

Support from the Oregon Zoo Foundation enhances and expands the zoo’s efforts in conservation, education and animal welfare. Members, donors and corporate and foundation partners help the zoo make a difference across the region and around the world. To contribute, go to oregonzoo.org/donate.